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[PATCH v1] solaris: Use versioning scripts instead of -Bsymbolic
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* [PATCH v1] solaris: Use versioning scripts instead of -Bsymbolic
@ 2022-08-23 08:50  Andres Freund <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Andres Freund @ 2022-08-23 08:50 UTC (permalink / raw)

-Bsymbolic causes a lot of "ld: warning: symbol referencing errors"
warnings. It's quite easy to add the symbol versioning script, we just need a
slightly different parameter name.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]
---
 src/Makefile.shlib | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/Makefile.shlib b/src/Makefile.shlib
index 2af6192f0f3..3202b2e67de 100644
--- a/src/Makefile.shlib
+++ b/src/Makefile.shlib
@@ -188,10 +188,15 @@ ifeq ($(PORTNAME), linux)
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(PORTNAME), solaris)
-  LINK.shared		= $(COMPILER) -shared -Wl,-Bsymbolic
+  LINK.shared		= $(COMPILER) -shared
   ifdef soname
     LINK.shared	+= -Wl,-soname,$(soname)
   endif
+  BUILD.exports		= ( echo '{ global:'; $(AWK) '/^[^\#]/ {printf "%s;\n",$$1}' $<; echo ' local: *; };' ) >$@
+  exports_file		= $(SHLIB_EXPORTS:%.txt=%.list)
+  ifneq (,$(exports_file))
+    LINK.shared		+= -Wl,-M$(exports_file)
+  endif
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(PORTNAME), cygwin)
-- 
2.37.0.3.g30cc8d0f14


--aym2ahtpoerge4dw--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 4/4] Serialize decoded tuples without flattening.
@ 2026-03-02 14:30  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-02 14:30 UTC (permalink / raw)

So far we used to flatten the tuples produced by logical decoding in order to
write them to a temporary file. That means that all the TOASTed attributes
ended up in a single chunk of memory. The problem is that even if individual
attributes do fit into the maximum chunk size (currently 1 GB), the whole
tuple is not guaranteed to fit.

The flattening might be a problem in the future anyway, since there's an
effort to restrict the impact of REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) on the VACUUM xmin
horizon. However, as the flattening assumes scans of the TOAST relaation, the
less we restrict VACUUM, the more likely it is that the TOAST attributes
needed for the flattening won't be available at decoding time.

(This patch also removes unnecessary field 'tupdesc' from RepackDecodingState
and allocates it in the appropriate memory context.)
---
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c                | 264 +++++++++++++++---
 .../pgoutput_repack/pgoutput_repack.c         | 116 ++++++--
 src/include/commands/cluster.h                |   6 +-
 .../expected/repack_toast.out                 |   1 +
 .../injection_points/specs/repack_toast.spec  |   7 +
 5 files changed, 327 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 6c99b65247d..e0dd33b52ed 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "access/amapi.h"
+#include "access/detoast.h"
 #include "access/heapam.h"
 #include "access/multixact.h"
 #include "access/relscan.h"
@@ -286,6 +287,10 @@ static void apply_concurrent_update(Relation rel, HeapTuple tup,
 									IndexInsertState *iistate,
 									TupleTableSlot *index_slot);
 static void apply_concurrent_delete(Relation rel, HeapTuple tup_target);
+static HeapTuple restore_tuple(BufFile *file, Relation relation,
+							   MemoryContext cxt);
+static HeapTuple adjust_toast_pointers(Relation relation, HeapTuple tup_dst,
+									   HeapTuple tup_src, MemoryContext cxt);
 static HeapTuple find_target_tuple(Relation rel, ChangeDest *dest,
 								   HeapTuple tup_key,
 								   TupleTableSlot *ident_slot);
@@ -2586,6 +2591,7 @@ setup_logical_decoding(Oid relid)
 	LogicalDecodingContext *ctx;
 	NameData	slotname;
 	RepackDecodingState *dstate;
+	MemoryContext oldcxt;
 
 	/*
 	 * REPACK CONCURRENTLY is not allowed in a transaction block, so this
@@ -2636,14 +2642,6 @@ setup_logical_decoding(Oid relid)
 	 */
 	ctx->reader->routine.page_read = read_local_xlog_page_no_wait;
 
-	/*
-	 * read_local_xlog_page_no_wait() needs to be able to indicate the end of
-	 * WAL.
-	 */
-	ctx->reader->private_data = MemoryContextAllocZero(ctx->context,
-													   sizeof(ReadLocalXLogPageNoWaitPrivate));
-
-
 	/* Some WAL records should have been read. */
 	Assert(ctx->reader->EndRecPtr != InvalidXLogRecPtr);
 
@@ -2654,18 +2652,27 @@ setup_logical_decoding(Oid relid)
 	XLByteToSeg(ctx->reader->EndRecPtr, repack_current_segment,
 				wal_segment_size);
 
-	dstate = palloc0_object(RepackDecodingState);
-	dstate->relid = relid;
+	/* Our private state belongs to the decoding context. */
+	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ctx->context);
 
 	/*
-	 * Tuple descriptor may be needed to flatten a tuple before we write it to
-	 * a file. A copy is needed because the decoding worker invalidates system
-	 * caches before it starts to do the actual work.
+	 * read_local_xlog_page_no_wait() needs to be able to indicate the end of
+	 * WAL.
 	 */
-	rel = table_open(relid, AccessShareLock);
-	dstate->tupdesc = CreateTupleDescCopy(RelationGetDescr(rel));
+	ctx->reader->private_data = palloc0_object(ReadLocalXLogPageNoWaitPrivate);
+	dstate = palloc0_object(RepackDecodingState);
+	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
+
+#ifdef	USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+	dstate->relid = relid;
+#endif
+
+	dstate->change_cxt = AllocSetContextCreate(ctx->context,
+											   "REPACK - change",
+											   ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);
 
 	/* Avoid logical decoding of other relations. */
+	rel = table_open(relid, AccessShareLock);
 	repacked_rel_locator = rel->rd_locator;
 	toastrelid = rel->rd_rel->reltoastrelid;
 	if (OidIsValid(toastrelid))
@@ -2834,10 +2841,10 @@ static void
 apply_concurrent_changes(BufFile *file, ChangeDest *dest)
 {
 	char		kind;
-	uint32		t_len;
 	Relation	rel = dest->rel;
 	TupleTableSlot *index_slot,
 			   *ident_slot;
+	MemoryContext apply_cxt;
 	HeapTuple	tup_old = NULL;
 
 	/* TupleTableSlot is needed to pass the tuple to ExecInsertIndexTuples(). */
@@ -2847,6 +2854,14 @@ apply_concurrent_changes(BufFile *file, ChangeDest *dest)
 	/* A slot to fetch tuples from identity index. */
 	ident_slot = table_slot_create(rel, NULL);
 
+	/*
+	 * Use a separate memory context for the tuples and any memory needed to
+	 * process them.
+	 */
+	apply_cxt = AllocSetContextCreate(TopTransactionContext,
+									  "REPACK - apply",
+									  ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);
+
 	while (true)
 	{
 		size_t		nread;
@@ -2861,14 +2876,7 @@ apply_concurrent_changes(BufFile *file, ChangeDest *dest)
 			break;
 
 		/* Read the tuple. */
-		BufFileReadExact(file, &t_len, sizeof(t_len));
-		tup = (HeapTuple) palloc(HEAPTUPLESIZE + t_len);
-		tup->t_data = (HeapTupleHeader) ((char *) tup + HEAPTUPLESIZE);
-		BufFileReadExact(file, tup->t_data, t_len);
-		tup->t_len = t_len;
-		ItemPointerSetInvalid(&tup->t_self);
-		tup->t_tableOid = RelationGetRelid(dest->rel);
-
+		tup = restore_tuple(file, rel, apply_cxt);
 		if (kind == CHANGE_UPDATE_OLD)
 		{
 			Assert(tup_old == NULL);
@@ -2880,7 +2888,7 @@ apply_concurrent_changes(BufFile *file, ChangeDest *dest)
 
 			apply_concurrent_insert(rel, tup, dest->iistate, index_slot);
 
-			pfree(tup);
+			MemoryContextReset(apply_cxt);
 		}
 		else if (kind == CHANGE_UPDATE_NEW || kind == CHANGE_DELETE)
 		{
@@ -2904,18 +2912,28 @@ apply_concurrent_changes(BufFile *file, ChangeDest *dest)
 				elog(ERROR, "failed to find target tuple");
 
 			if (kind == CHANGE_UPDATE_NEW)
+			{
+				/*
+				 * If 'tup' contains TOAST pointers, they point to the old
+				 * relation's toast. Copy the corresponding TOAST pointers for
+				 * the new relation from the existing tuple. (The fact that we
+				 * received a TOAST pointer here implies that the attribute
+				 * hasn't changed.)
+				 */
+				if (HeapTupleHasExternal(tup))
+					tup = adjust_toast_pointers(rel, tup, tup_exist,
+												apply_cxt);
+
 				apply_concurrent_update(rel, tup, tup_exist, dest->iistate,
 										index_slot);
+			}
 			else
 				apply_concurrent_delete(rel, tup_exist);
 
 			if (tup_old != NULL)
-			{
-				pfree(tup_old);
 				tup_old = NULL;
-			}
 
-			pfree(tup);
+			MemoryContextReset(apply_cxt);
 		}
 		else
 			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized kind of change: %d", kind);
@@ -2932,6 +2950,7 @@ apply_concurrent_changes(BufFile *file, ChangeDest *dest)
 	}
 
 	/* Cleanup. */
+	MemoryContextDelete(apply_cxt);
 	ExecDropSingleTupleTableSlot(index_slot);
 	ExecDropSingleTupleTableSlot(ident_slot);
 }
@@ -3042,6 +3061,186 @@ apply_concurrent_delete(Relation rel, HeapTuple tup_target)
 	pgstat_progress_incr_param(PROGRESS_REPACK_HEAP_TUPLES_DELETED, 1);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Read tuple from file and store it in given memory context.
+ *
+ * External attributes are stored in separate memory chunks, in order to avoid
+ * exceeding MaxAllocSize - that could happen if the individual attributes are
+ * smaller than MaxAllocSize but the whole tuple is bigger.
+ */
+static HeapTuple
+restore_tuple(BufFile *file, Relation relation, MemoryContext cxt)
+{
+	uint32		t_len;
+	HeapTuple	tup;
+	MemoryContext oldcxt;
+	uint32		natt_ext;
+	List	   *attrs_ext = NIL;
+
+	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(cxt);
+
+	/* First, read the external attributes if there are some. */
+	BufFileReadExact(file, &natt_ext, sizeof(natt_ext));
+	for (int i = 0; i < natt_ext; i++)
+	{
+		varlena		varhdr;
+		char	   *ext_val;
+		Size		ext_val_size;
+
+		/*
+		 * Read the header into properly aligned memory before accessing it.
+		 */
+		BufFileReadExact(file, &varhdr, VARHDRSZ);
+		ext_val_size = VARSIZE_ANY(&varhdr);
+		ext_val = palloc0(ext_val_size);
+		memcpy(ext_val, &varhdr, VARHDRSZ);
+		BufFileReadExact(file, ext_val + VARHDRSZ, ext_val_size - VARHDRSZ);
+
+		attrs_ext = lappend(attrs_ext, ext_val);
+	}
+
+	/* Read the tuple. */
+	BufFileReadExact(file, &t_len, sizeof(t_len));
+	tup = (HeapTuple) palloc(HEAPTUPLESIZE + t_len);
+	tup->t_data = (HeapTupleHeader) ((char *) tup + HEAPTUPLESIZE);
+	BufFileReadExact(file, tup->t_data, t_len);
+	tup->t_len = t_len;
+	ItemPointerSetInvalid(&tup->t_self);
+	tup->t_tableOid = RelationGetRelid(relation);
+
+	/*
+	 * If there are "external indirect" attributes, make the tuple reference
+	 * them.
+	 */
+	if (natt_ext > 0)
+	{
+		TupleDesc	desc;
+		Datum	   *attrs;
+		bool	   *isnull;
+		ListCell   *lc;
+
+		desc = RelationGetDescr(relation);
+		attrs = palloc0_array(Datum, desc->natts);
+		isnull = palloc0_array(bool, desc->natts);
+
+		heap_deform_tuple(tup, desc, attrs, isnull);
+
+		lc = list_head(attrs_ext);
+		for (int i = 0; i < desc->natts; i++)
+		{
+			CompactAttribute *attr = TupleDescCompactAttr(desc, i);
+			varlena    *varlena_pointer,
+					   *new_datum;
+			varatt_indirect redirect_pointer;
+
+			/* Find the external attributes, like in store_change(). */
+			if (attr->attisdropped)
+				continue;
+			if (attr->attlen != -1)
+				continue;
+			if (isnull[i])
+				continue;
+			varlena_pointer = (varlena *) DatumGetPointer(attrs[i]);
+			if (!VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL_INDIRECT(varlena_pointer))
+				continue;
+
+			/* Update the attribute. */
+			memset(&redirect_pointer, 0, sizeof(redirect_pointer));
+			redirect_pointer.pointer = lfirst(lc);
+
+			new_datum = (varlena *) palloc0(INDIRECT_POINTER_SIZE);
+			SET_VARTAG_EXTERNAL(new_datum, VARTAG_INDIRECT);
+			memcpy(VARDATA_EXTERNAL(new_datum), &redirect_pointer,
+				   sizeof(redirect_pointer));
+
+			attrs[i] = PointerGetDatum(new_datum);
+
+			lc = lnext(attrs_ext, lc);
+		}
+		Assert(lc == NULL);
+
+		tup = heap_form_tuple(desc, attrs, isnull);
+	}
+
+	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
+
+	return tup;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Copy TOAST pointers from 'tup_src' to 'tup_dst' and return the modified
+ * 'tup_dst'. Use 'cxt' for all memory allocations.
+ */
+static HeapTuple
+adjust_toast_pointers(Relation relation, HeapTuple tup_dst,
+					  HeapTuple tup_src, MemoryContext cxt)
+{
+	TupleDesc	desc;
+	Datum	   *attrs_dst;
+	bool	   *isnull_dst;
+	Datum	   *attrs_src = NULL;
+	bool	   *isnull_src = NULL;
+	MemoryContext oldcxt;
+	HeapTuple	result;
+
+	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(cxt);
+
+	desc = RelationGetDescr(relation);
+	attrs_dst = palloc0_array(Datum, desc->natts);
+	isnull_dst = palloc0_array(bool, desc->natts);
+
+	heap_deform_tuple(tup_dst, desc, attrs_dst, isnull_dst);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < desc->natts; i++)
+	{
+		CompactAttribute *attr = TupleDescCompactAttr(desc, i);
+		varlena    *varlena_dst,
+				   *varlena_src;
+
+		if (attr->attisdropped)
+			continue;
+		if (attr->attlen != -1)
+			continue;
+		if (isnull_dst[i])
+			continue;
+
+		varlena_dst = (varlena *) DatumGetPointer(attrs_dst[i]);
+		if (!VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL_ONDISK(varlena_dst))
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * The first TOAST pointer? The caller can easily check if the tuple
+		 * has external attributes(s) in general, but is not supposed to check
+		 * specifically for TOAST.
+		 */
+		if (attrs_src == NULL)
+		{
+			attrs_src = palloc0_array(Datum, desc->natts);
+			isnull_src = palloc0_array(bool, desc->natts);
+
+			heap_deform_tuple(tup_src, desc, attrs_src, isnull_src);
+		}
+
+		varlena_src = (varlena *) DatumGetPointer(attrs_src[i]);
+
+		/*
+		 * Logical decoding only uses TOAST pointer for attributes that
+		 * haven't changed.
+		 */
+		Assert(!isnull_src[i]);
+		Assert(VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL_ONDISK(varlena_src));
+
+		/* Copy the pointer. */
+		memcpy(VARDATA_EXTERNAL(varlena_dst), VARDATA_EXTERNAL(varlena_src),
+			   sizeof(varatt_external));
+	}
+	result = heap_form_tuple(desc, attrs_dst, isnull_dst);
+
+	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
 /*
  * Find the tuple to be updated or deleted.
  *
@@ -3263,15 +3462,8 @@ free_index_insert_state(IndexInsertState *iistate)
 static void
 cleanup_logical_decoding(LogicalDecodingContext *ctx)
 {
-	RepackDecodingState *dstate;
-
-	dstate = (RepackDecodingState *) ctx->output_writer_private;
-
-	FreeTupleDesc(dstate->tupdesc);
 	FreeDecodingContext(ctx);
-
 	ReplicationSlotDropAcquired();
-	pfree(dstate);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/pgoutput_repack/pgoutput_repack.c b/src/backend/replication/pgoutput_repack/pgoutput_repack.c
index d0c464a98d5..06cb252ddbd 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/pgoutput_repack/pgoutput_repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/pgoutput_repack/pgoutput_repack.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
  */
 #include "postgres.h"
 
-#include "access/heaptoast.h"
+#include "access/detoast.h"
 #include "commands/cluster.h"
 #include "replication/snapbuild.h"
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ static void plugin_commit_txn(LogicalDecodingContext *ctx,
 							  ReorderBufferTXN *txn, XLogRecPtr commit_lsn);
 static void plugin_change(LogicalDecodingContext *ctx, ReorderBufferTXN *txn,
 						  Relation rel, ReorderBufferChange *change);
-static void store_change(LogicalDecodingContext *ctx,
+static void store_change(LogicalDecodingContext *ctx, Relation relation,
 						 ConcurrentChangeKind kind, HeapTuple tuple);
 
 void
@@ -97,9 +97,8 @@ plugin_change(LogicalDecodingContext *ctx, ReorderBufferTXN *txn,
 
 	dstate = (RepackDecodingState *) ctx->output_writer_private;
 
-	/* Only interested in one particular relation. */
-	if (relation->rd_id != dstate->relid)
-		return;
+	/* Changes of other relation should not have been decoded. */
+	Assert(RelationGetRelid(relation) == dstate->relid);
 
 	/* Decode entry depending on its type */
 	switch (change->action)
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ plugin_change(LogicalDecodingContext *ctx, ReorderBufferTXN *txn,
 				if (newtuple == NULL)
 					elog(ERROR, "incomplete insert info.");
 
-				store_change(ctx, CHANGE_INSERT, newtuple);
+				store_change(ctx, relation, CHANGE_INSERT, newtuple);
 			}
 			break;
 		case REORDER_BUFFER_CHANGE_UPDATE:
@@ -132,9 +131,9 @@ plugin_change(LogicalDecodingContext *ctx, ReorderBufferTXN *txn,
 					elog(ERROR, "incomplete update info.");
 
 				if (oldtuple != NULL)
-					store_change(ctx, CHANGE_UPDATE_OLD, oldtuple);
+					store_change(ctx, relation, CHANGE_UPDATE_OLD, oldtuple);
 
-				store_change(ctx, CHANGE_UPDATE_NEW, newtuple);
+				store_change(ctx, relation, CHANGE_UPDATE_NEW, newtuple);
 			}
 			break;
 		case REORDER_BUFFER_CHANGE_DELETE:
@@ -146,7 +145,7 @@ plugin_change(LogicalDecodingContext *ctx, ReorderBufferTXN *txn,
 				if (oldtuple == NULL)
 					elog(ERROR, "incomplete delete info.");
 
-				store_change(ctx, CHANGE_DELETE, oldtuple);
+				store_change(ctx, relation, CHANGE_DELETE, oldtuple);
 			}
 			break;
 		default:
@@ -164,39 +163,98 @@ plugin_change(LogicalDecodingContext *ctx, ReorderBufferTXN *txn,
 
 /* Store concurrent data change. */
 static void
-store_change(LogicalDecodingContext *ctx, ConcurrentChangeKind kind,
-			 HeapTuple tuple)
+store_change(LogicalDecodingContext *ctx, Relation relation,
+			 ConcurrentChangeKind kind, HeapTuple tuple)
 {
 	RepackDecodingState *dstate;
+	MemoryContext	oldcxt;
+	BufFile    *file;
 	char		kind_byte = (char) kind;
-	bool		flattened = false;
+	List	   *attrs_ext = NIL;
+	uint32		natt_ext;
 
 	dstate = (RepackDecodingState *) ctx->output_writer_private;
+	file = dstate->file;
 
 	/* Store the change kind. */
-	BufFileWrite(dstate->file, &kind_byte, 1);
+	BufFileWrite(file, &kind_byte, 1);
+
+	/* Make sure there are no memory leaks. */
+	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(dstate->change_cxt);
 
 	/*
-	 * ReorderBufferCommit() stores the TOAST chunks in its private memory
-	 * context and frees them after having called apply_change().  Therefore
-	 * we need flat copy (including TOAST) that we eventually copy into the
-	 * memory context which is available to decode_concurrent_changes().
+	 * If the tuple contains "external indirect" attributes, we need to write
+	 * the contents to the file because we have no control over that memory.
 	 */
 	if (HeapTupleHasExternal(tuple))
 	{
-		/*
-		 * toast_flatten_tuple_to_datum() might be more convenient but we
-		 * don't want the decompression it does.
-		 */
-		tuple = toast_flatten_tuple(tuple, dstate->tupdesc);
-		flattened = true;
+		TupleDesc	desc;
+		Datum	   *attrs;
+		bool	   *isnull;
+
+		desc = RelationGetDescr(relation);
+		attrs = palloc0_array(Datum, desc->natts);
+		isnull = palloc0_array(bool, desc->natts);
+
+		heap_deform_tuple(tuple, desc, attrs, isnull);
+
+		/* First, gather and count the "external indirect" attributes. */
+		for (int i = 0; i < desc->natts; i++)
+		{
+			CompactAttribute *attr = TupleDescCompactAttr(desc, i);
+			varlena    *varlena_pointer;
+
+			if (attr->attisdropped)
+				continue;
+
+			/* not a varlena datatype */
+			if (attr->attlen != -1)
+				continue;
+
+			/* no data */
+			if (isnull[i])
+				continue;
+
+			/* ok, we know we have a toast datum */
+			varlena_pointer = (varlena *) DatumGetPointer(attrs[i]);
+
+			if (!VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL(varlena_pointer))
+				continue;
+
+			if (VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL_INDIRECT(varlena_pointer))
+				attrs_ext = lappend(attrs_ext, varlena_pointer);
+			else
+			{
+				/*
+				 * Logical decoding should not produce "external expanded"
+				 * attributes (those actually should never appear on disk), so
+				 * only TOASTed attribute can be seen here.
+				 */
+				Assert(VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL_ONDISK(varlena_pointer));
+			}
+		}
+		natt_ext = list_length(attrs_ext);
 	}
-	/* Store the tuple size ... */
-	BufFileWrite(dstate->file, &tuple->t_len, sizeof(tuple->t_len));
+	else
+		natt_ext = 0;
+
+	/* Write the number of external attributes. */
+	BufFileWrite(file, &natt_ext, sizeof(natt_ext));
+	/* ... and the attributes themselves, if there are some. */
+	foreach_ptr(varlena, attr_val, attrs_ext)
+	{
+		varlena    *ext_val;
+		Size		ext_val_size;
+
+		ext_val = detoast_external_attr(attr_val);
+		ext_val_size = VARSIZE_ANY(ext_val);
+		BufFileWrite(file, ext_val, ext_val_size);
+	}
+
+	/* Finally write the tuple size ... */
+	BufFileWrite(file, &tuple->t_len, sizeof(tuple->t_len));
 	/* ... and the tuple itself. */
-	BufFileWrite(dstate->file, tuple->t_data, tuple->t_len);
+	BufFileWrite(file, tuple->t_data, tuple->t_len);
 
-	/* Free the flat copy if created above. */
-	if (flattened)
-		pfree(tuple);
+	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
 }
diff --git a/src/include/commands/cluster.h b/src/include/commands/cluster.h
index 1b05d5d418b..34b7208de9b 100644
--- a/src/include/commands/cluster.h
+++ b/src/include/commands/cluster.h
@@ -65,11 +65,13 @@ typedef enum
  */
 typedef struct RepackDecodingState
 {
+#ifdef	USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
 	/* The relation whose changes we're decoding. */
 	Oid			relid;
+#endif
 
-	/* Tuple descriptor of the relation being processed. */
-	TupleDesc	tupdesc;
+	/* Per-change memory context. */
+	MemoryContext	change_cxt;
 
 	/* The current output file. */
 	BufFile    *file;
diff --git a/src/test/modules/injection_points/expected/repack_toast.out b/src/test/modules/injection_points/expected/repack_toast.out
index 4f866a74e32..b56dde134f8 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/injection_points/expected/repack_toast.out
+++ b/src/test/modules/injection_points/expected/repack_toast.out
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ step change:
 	UPDATE repack_test SET j=get_long_string() where i=2;
 	DELETE FROM repack_test WHERE i=3;
 	INSERT INTO repack_test(i, j) VALUES (4, get_long_string());
+	UPDATE repack_test SET i=3 where i=1;
 
 step check2: 
 	INSERT INTO relfilenodes(node)
diff --git a/src/test/modules/injection_points/specs/repack_toast.spec b/src/test/modules/injection_points/specs/repack_toast.spec
index b48abf21450..b878b198971 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/injection_points/specs/repack_toast.spec
+++ b/src/test/modules/injection_points/specs/repack_toast.spec
@@ -74,10 +74,17 @@ teardown
 
 session s2
 step change
+# Separately test UPDATE of both plain ("i") and TOASTed ("j") attribute. In
+# the first case, the new tuple we get from reorderbuffer.c contains "j" as a
+# TOAST pointer, which we need to update so it points to the new heap. In the
+# latter case, we receive "j" as "external indirect" value - here we test that
+# the decoding worker writes the tuple to a file correctly and that the
+# backend executing REPACK manages to restore it.
 {
 	UPDATE repack_test SET j=get_long_string() where i=2;
 	DELETE FROM repack_test WHERE i=3;
 	INSERT INTO repack_test(i, j) VALUES (4, get_long_string());
+	UPDATE repack_test SET i=3 where i=1;
 }
 # Check the table from the perspective of s2.
 step check2
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 274ad900c65..5188244dfd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -993,6 +993,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 0f6b5df322c..23511a0905a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--3n3vqr5y2jhknrqj
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v49-0007-WIP-add-max_repack_replication_slots.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 7291b4180ab..0103bc10bd1 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--cldir6umqisr673d--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 4fd10a5e7b3..73407c383da 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1086,6 +1086,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--=-=-=--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 73 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  6 +-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..79c052d3607 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 065316ee866..77c206ff944 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1084,6 +1084,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index 0f913897acc..f1a03e6a754 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2687,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2702,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2711,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2732,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2754,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2773,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2826,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2848,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..5c4121fcbc8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1372,7 +1375,8 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
 	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index bf3094f0f7d..120370f459d 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index c63a4f2cc6a..0bd28e270f1 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -124,10 +124,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--nzintiedl6o4kcyp--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/cluster.c              | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/access/xlog_internal.h          |  2 +-
 src/include/storage/proc.h                  |  3 +-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 10 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
index 018e9f7b013..423cea26b0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/cluster.c
@@ -1075,6 +1075,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..b02ec4e8c3e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index f3ad90c7c7a..c785a3db59f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1188,6 +1188,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1358,10 +1359,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1370,9 +1373,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
index 629ac3a7d3e..1730b07810f 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 /*
  * Each page of XLOG file has a header like this:
  */
-#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11D	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
+#define XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC 0xD11E	/* can be used as WAL version indicator */
 
 typedef struct XLogPageHeaderData
 {
diff --git a/src/include/storage/proc.h b/src/include/storage/proc.h
index 1dad125706e..c6693b93a65 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/proc.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/proc.h
@@ -69,10 +69,11 @@ struct XidCache
 #define		PROC_AFFECTS_ALL_HORIZONS	0x20	/* this proc's xmin must be
 												 * included in vacuum horizons
 												 * in all databases */
+#define		PROC_IN_REPACK				0x40	/* currently REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 
 /* flags reset at EOXact */
 #define		PROC_VACUUM_STATE_MASK \
-	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND)
+	(PROC_IN_VACUUM | PROC_IN_SAFE_IC | PROC_VACUUM_FOR_WRAPAROUND | PROC_IN_REPACK)
 
 /*
  * Xmin-related flags. Make sure any flags that affect how the process' Xmin
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--gwom7bl7ogtszo4k--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 3acb2e1d2ba..74faa4f5582 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--2fxmamo6mu2qbxgv--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 51 +++++++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 75 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  2 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..58ebecf4927 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId *xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 2c1c6f88b74..f1cbdee7618 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8483,6 +8484,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 781a471fc1d..29ba49744eb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is o.k.
+		 * for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..f2008c6877c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
-	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
-	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
-	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions starting afterwards
+	 * have enough information to be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,15 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
-	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
-	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
-	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts'
+	 * oldestRunningXidLogical is >= than nextXid from when we switched to
+	 * FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all transactions that are currently in
+	 * progress have a catalog snapshot, and all their changes have been
+	 * collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1460,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId *xids_repack;
+			int			i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..033ae68b57e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,25 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count,
+				count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId *xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2673,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int			nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2689,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2704,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2713,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2734,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2756,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2775,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2828,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2850,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..fe4dcdc3def 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,12 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--qfkt2ktdpcfeypib--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 474+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
@ 2026-03-17 19:22  Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 474+ messages in thread

From: Antonin Houska @ 2026-03-17 19:22 UTC (permalink / raw)

During logical decoding, we need to know if particular transaction performed
catalog changes because catalog information is needed to construct heap
tuples. To be sure that we have enough information of each transaction, the
logical decoding cannot start before all the already running transactions have
completed.

The problem with REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) is that it has XID assigned and writes
WAL records marked with it. Thus if another backend runs REPACK (CONCURRENTLY)
and tries to setup the logical decoding, it has to wait for the completion of
all the other transactions involved in REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).

However, REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) does not perform any catalog changes relevant
to logical decoding, so the other backends executing this command can ignore
it. This patch implements it by adding information about transactions
executing the command to the xl_running_xacts WAL record, and by teaching the
snapshot builder to use the information.
---
 src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c   | 15 ++++-
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c           |  2 +
 src/backend/commands/repack.c               | 16 +++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c | 38 ++++++++---
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 74 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c           |  8 ++-
 src/include/storage/standby.h               |  3 +
 src/include/storage/standbydefs.h           |  2 +
 8 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
index 0a291354ae2..b96b73d51d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/standbydesc.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 {
 	int			i;
 
-	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u",
+	appendStringInfo(buf, "nextXid %u latestCompletedXid %u oldestRunningXid %u oldestRunningXidLogical %u",
 					 xlrec->nextXid,
 					 xlrec->latestCompletedXid,
-					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid);
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXid,
+					 xlrec->oldestRunningXidLogical);
 	if (xlrec->xcnt > 0)
 	{
 		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts:", xlrec->xcnt);
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@ standby_desc_running_xacts(StringInfo buf, xl_running_xacts *xlrec)
 		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->subxcnt; i++)
 			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xlrec->xids[xlrec->xcnt + i]);
 	}
+
+	if (xlrec->xcnt_repack > 0)
+	{
+		TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+
+		appendStringInfo(buf, "; %d xacts_repack:", xlrec->xcnt_repack);
+		xids_repack = xlrec->xids + xlrec->xcnt + xlrec->subxcnt;
+		for (i = 0; i < xlrec->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			appendStringInfo(buf, " %u", xids_repack[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index f5c9a34374d..d050b0b1444 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -5912,6 +5912,7 @@ StartupXLOG(void)
 				 * subxids are listed with their parent prepared transactions.
 				 */
 				running.xcnt = nxids;
+				running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 				running.subxcnt = 0;
 				running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 				running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
@@ -8477,6 +8478,7 @@ xlog_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 			 * with their parent prepared transactions.
 			 */
 			running.xcnt = nxids;
+			running.xcnt_repack = 0;
 			running.subxcnt = 0;
 			running.subxid_status = SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS;
 			running.nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(checkPoint.nextXid);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index 21ab81c6f7f..42165c5552e 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -988,6 +988,22 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Relation index, bool verbose,
 
 	if (concurrent)
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Do not let other backends wait for our completion during their
+		 * setup of logical replication. Unlike logical replication publisher,
+		 * we will have XID assigned, so the other backends - whether
+		 * walsenders involved in logical replication or regular backends
+		 * executing also REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) - would have to wait for our
+		 * completion before they can build their initial snapshot. It is
+		 * o.k. for any decoding backend to ignore us because we do not change
+		 * tuple descriptor of any table, and the data changes we write should
+		 * not be decoded by other backends.
+		 */
+		LWLockAcquire(ProcArrayLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
+		MyProc->statusFlags |= PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK;
+		ProcGlobal->statusFlags[MyProc->pgxactoff] = MyProc->statusFlags;
+		LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
+
 		/*
 		 * The worker needs to be member of the locking group we're the leader
 		 * of. We ought to become the leader before the worker starts. The
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
index 9cf499ce7c6..fbdd4600a2b 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/snapbuild.c
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 * xmin, which looks odd but is correct and actually more efficient, since
 	 * we hit fast paths in heapam_visibility.c.
 	 */
-	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+	builder->xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 
 	/* Remove transactions we don't need to keep track off anymore */
 	SnapBuildPurgeOlderTxn(builder);
@@ -1188,9 +1188,9 @@ SnapBuildProcessRunningXacts(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xact
 	 */
 	xmin = ReorderBufferGetOldestXmin(builder->reorder);
 	if (xmin == InvalidTransactionId)
-		xmin = running->oldestRunningXid;
+		xmin = running->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	elog(DEBUG3, "xmin: %u, xmax: %u, oldest running: %u, oldest xmin: %u",
-		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXid, xmin);
+		 builder->xmin, builder->xmax, running->oldestRunningXidLogical, xmin);
 	LogicalIncreaseXminForSlot(lsn, xmin);
 
 	/*
@@ -1275,14 +1275,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * have all necessary catalog rows anymore.
 	 */
 	if (TransactionIdIsNormal(builder->initial_xmin_horizon) &&
-		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXid,
+		NormalTransactionIdPrecedes(running->oldestRunningXidLogical,
 									builder->initial_xmin_horizon))
 	{
 		ereport(DEBUG1,
 				errmsg_internal("skipping snapshot at %X/%08X while building logical decoding snapshot, xmin horizon too low",
 								LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(lsn)),
 				errdetail_internal("initial xmin horizon of %u vs the snapshot's %u",
-								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXid));
+								   builder->initial_xmin_horizon, running->oldestRunningXidLogical));
 
 
 		SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(running, builder->initial_xmin_horizon);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	 * NB: We might have already started to incrementally assemble a snapshot,
 	 * so we need to be careful to deal with that.
 	 */
-	if (running->oldestRunningXid == running->nextXid)
+	if (running->oldestRunningXidLogical == running->nextXid)
 	{
 		if (!XLogRecPtrIsValid(builder->start_decoding_at) ||
 			builder->start_decoding_at <= lsn)
@@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from BUILDING_SNAPSHOT to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 *
-	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid
+	 * In BUILDING_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical
 	 * is >= than nextXid from when we switched to BUILDING_SNAPSHOT.  This
 	 * means all transactions starting afterwards have enough information to
 	 * be decoded.  Switch to FULL_SNAPSHOT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_BUILDING_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = running->nextXid;
@@ -1402,14 +1402,14 @@ SnapBuildFindSnapshot(SnapBuild *builder, XLogRecPtr lsn, xl_running_xacts *runn
 	/*
 	 * c) transition from FULL_SNAPSHOT to CONSISTENT.
 	 *
-	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXid is
+	 * In FULL_SNAPSHOT state, and this xl_running_xacts' oldestRunningXidLogical is
 	 * >= than nextXid from when we switched to FULL_SNAPSHOT.  This means all
 	 * transactions that are currently in progress have a catalog snapshot,
 	 * and all their changes have been collected.  Switch to CONSISTENT.
 	 */
 	else if (builder->state == SNAPBUILD_FULL_SNAPSHOT &&
 			 TransactionIdPrecedesOrEquals(builder->next_phase_at,
-										   running->oldestRunningXid))
+										   running->oldestRunningXidLogical))
 	{
 		builder->state = SNAPBUILD_CONSISTENT;
 		builder->next_phase_at = InvalidTransactionId;
@@ -1459,6 +1459,24 @@ SnapBuildWaitSnapshot(xl_running_xacts *running, TransactionId cutoff)
 		if (TransactionIdFollows(xid, cutoff))
 			continue;
 
+		/* Do not wait for transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). */
+		if (running->xcnt_repack > 0)
+		{
+			TransactionId	*xids_repack;
+			int		i;
+
+			xids_repack = running->xids + running->xcnt + running->subxcnt;
+
+			for (i = 0; i < running->xcnt_repack; i++)
+			{
+				if (xid == xids_repack[i])
+					break;
+			}
+			/* Found? */
+			if (i < running->xcnt_repack)
+				continue;
+		}
+
 		XactLockTableWait(xid, NULL, NULL, XLTW_None);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cc207cb56e3..6dd4fa7dcc0 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2643,15 +2643,24 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	RunningTransactions CurrentRunningXacts = &CurrentRunningXactsData;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid;
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	TransactionId *xids;
 	int			index;
-	int			count;
+	int			count, count_repack;
 	int			subcount;
 	bool		suboverflowed;
+	TransactionId	*xids_repack = NULL;
+	bool		logical_decoding_enabled = IsLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
 	Assert(!RecoveryInProgress());
 
+	/*
+	 * TODO Consider a GUC to reserve certain amount of replication slots for
+	 * REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) and using it here.
+	 */
+#define		MAX_REPACK_XIDS		16
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocating space for maxProcs xids is usually overkill; numProcs would
 	 * be sufficient.  But it seems better to do the malloc while not holding
@@ -2663,11 +2672,14 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 */
 	if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 	{
+		/* FIXME probably fails if logical decoding is enable on-the-fly */
+		int		nrepack = logical_decoding_enabled ? MAX_REPACK_XIDS : 0;
+
 		/*
 		 * First call
 		 */
 		CurrentRunningXacts->xids = (TransactionId *)
-			malloc(TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS * sizeof(TransactionId));
+			malloc((TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + nrepack) * sizeof(TransactionId));
 		if (CurrentRunningXacts->xids == NULL)
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
@@ -2676,7 +2688,10 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	xids = CurrentRunningXacts->xids;
 
-	count = subcount = 0;
+	if (logical_decoding_enabled)
+		xids_repack = palloc_array(TransactionId, MAX_REPACK_XIDS);
+
+	count = subcount = count_repack = 0;
 	suboverflowed = false;
 
 	/*
@@ -2688,7 +2703,7 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 
 	latestCompletedXid =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->latestCompletedXid);
-	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid =
+	oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXidLogical =
 		XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 
 	/*
@@ -2697,6 +2712,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	for (index = 0; index < arrayP->numProcs; index++)
 	{
 		TransactionId xid;
+		int			pgprocno;
+		PGPROC	   *proc;
 
 		/* Fetch xid just once - see GetNewTransactionId */
 		xid = UINT32_ACCESS_ONCE(other_xids[index]);
@@ -2716,6 +2733,21 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXid))
 			oldestRunningXid = xid;
 
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestRunningXidLogical))
+		{
+			/*
+			 * Backends running REPACK concurrently need to be excluded from
+			 * oldestRunningXidLogical, otherwise the snapshot builder cannot
+			 * proceed in building the initial snapshot.
+			 */
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if ((proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK) == 0)
+				oldestRunningXidLogical = xid;
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Also, update the oldest running xid within the current database. As
 		 * fetching pgprocno and PGPROC could cause cache misses, we do cheap
@@ -2723,8 +2755,8 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(xid, oldestDatabaseRunningXid))
 		{
-			int			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
-			PGPROC	   *proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
 
 			if (proc->databaseId == MyDatabaseId)
 				oldestDatabaseRunningXid = xid;
@@ -2742,6 +2774,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		 */
 
 		xids[count++] = xid;
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect XIDSs of transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY).
+		 */
+		if (logical_decoding_enabled &&
+			count_repack < MAX_REPACK_XIDS)
+		{
+			pgprocno = arrayP->pgprocnos[index];
+			proc = &allProcs[pgprocno];
+
+			if (proc->statusFlags & PROC_IN_CONCURRENT_REPACK)
+				xids_repack[count_repack++] = xid;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -2782,6 +2827,19 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Append the XIDs running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY), if any.
+	 *
+	 * XXX Should we sort the array and use bsearch() when using it?
+	 */
+	if (count_repack > 0)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; i < count_repack; i++)
+			xids[count++] = xids_repack[i];
+	}
+	if (xids_repack)
+		pfree(xids_repack);
+
 	/*
 	 * It's important *not* to include the limits set by slots here because
 	 * snapbuild.c uses oldestRunningXid to manage its xmin horizon. If those
@@ -2791,11 +2849,13 @@ GetRunningTransactionData(void)
 	 * increases if slots do.
 	 */
 
-	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt = count - subcount - count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxcnt = subcount;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->xcnt_repack = count_repack;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->subxid_status = suboverflowed ? SUBXIDS_IN_SUBTRANS : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->nextXid = XidFromFullTransactionId(TransamVariables->nextXid);
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid = oldestRunningXid;
+	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical = oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->oldestDatabaseRunningXid = oldestDatabaseRunningXid;
 	CurrentRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid = latestCompletedXid;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
index de9092fdf5b..fd3e4fe31f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c
@@ -1189,6 +1189,7 @@ standby_redo(XLogReaderState *record)
 		RunningTransactionsData running;
 
 		running.xcnt = xlrec->xcnt;
+		running.xcnt_repack = xlrec->xcnt_repack;
 		running.subxcnt = xlrec->subxcnt;
 		running.subxid_status = xlrec->subxid_overflow ? SUBXIDS_MISSING : SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY;
 		running.nextXid = xlrec->nextXid;
@@ -1359,10 +1360,12 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRecPtr	recptr;
 
 	xlrec.xcnt = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt;
+	xlrec.xcnt_repack = CurrRunningXacts->xcnt_repack;
 	xlrec.subxcnt = CurrRunningXacts->subxcnt;
 	xlrec.subxid_overflow = (CurrRunningXacts->subxid_status != SUBXIDS_IN_ARRAY);
 	xlrec.nextXid = CurrRunningXacts->nextXid;
 	xlrec.oldestRunningXid = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXid;
+	xlrec.oldestRunningXidLogical = CurrRunningXacts->oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	xlrec.latestCompletedXid = CurrRunningXacts->latestCompletedXid;
 
 	/* Header */
@@ -1371,9 +1374,10 @@ LogCurrentRunningXacts(RunningTransactions CurrRunningXacts)
 	XLogRegisterData(&xlrec, MinSizeOfXactRunningXacts);
 
 	/* array of TransactionIds */
-	if (xlrec.xcnt > 0)
+	if (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack > 0)
 		XLogRegisterData(CurrRunningXacts->xids,
-						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.subxcnt) * sizeof(TransactionId));
+						 (xlrec.xcnt + xlrec.xcnt_repack + xlrec.subxcnt) *
+						 sizeof(TransactionId));
 
 	recptr = XLogInsert(RM_STANDBY_ID, XLOG_RUNNING_XACTS);
 
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standby.h b/src/include/storage/standby.h
index 6a314c693cd..9e6e7b18786 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standby.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standby.h
@@ -127,10 +127,13 @@ typedef enum
 typedef struct RunningTransactionsData
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK
+								 * (CONCURRENTLY). */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	subxids_array_status subxid_status;
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId oldestDatabaseRunningXid; /* same as above, but within the
 											 * current database */
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
index 231d251fd51..edad609fa9a 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/standbydefs.h
@@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ typedef struct xl_standby_locks
 typedef struct xl_running_xacts
 {
 	int			xcnt;			/* # of xact ids in xids[] */
+	int			xcnt_repack;	/* # of xacts running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY) */
 	int			subxcnt;		/* # of subxact ids in xids[] */
 	bool		subxid_overflow;	/* snapshot overflowed, subxids missing */
 	TransactionId nextXid;		/* xid from TransamVariables->nextXid */
 	TransactionId oldestRunningXid; /* *not* oldestXmin */
+	TransactionId oldestRunningXidLogical;
 	TransactionId latestCompletedXid;	/* so we can set xmax */
 
 	TransactionId xids[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
-- 
2.47.3


--mdsv5bdgfjjj6d77--





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Thread overview: 474+ messages (download: mbox mbox.gz follow: Atom feed)
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2022-08-23 08:50 [PATCH v1] solaris: Use versioning scripts instead of -Bsymbolic Andres Freund <[email protected]>
2026-03-02 14:30 [PATCH 4/4] Serialize decoded tuples without flattening. Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v45 8/8] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v46 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v47 9/9] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v43 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v49 6/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v48 7/7] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>
2026-03-17 19:22 [PATCH v44 10/10] Teach snapshot builder to skip transactions running REPACK (CONCURRENTLY). Antonin Houska <[email protected]>

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